Neurotransmitters and Their Functions on the Brain

illustration of a person sitting and looking at constellations in the sky

The brain relies on specialized chemicals called neurotransmitters to communicate with the nervous system and body. Different neurotransmitters are involved in a wide array of functions, depending on which neural circuits they act on.

S-Ketamine vs. R-Ketamine

hand holding s ketamine molecule next to hand holding r ketamine molecule

In early 2019, an esketamine nasal spray was approved by the FDA for adults with treatment-resistant depression. Its FDA-approved uses were later expanded to include patients suffering from acute suicidal ideation. But what is esketamine, and how is it different from regular ketamine?